How common is autism?
As a parent of a child with autism, you may find yourself wondering how common autism is. The good news is that autism is increasingly being recognised and diagnosed, so you are not alone in seeking help. According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), approximately 1 in 54 children has been identified with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). A 2017 study published in the American Journal of Public Health estimated that the prevalence of autism spectrum disorder is approximately 2.5%, or 1 in 40 individuals. The prevalence of autism is on the rise globally, with an estimated 1 in 68 children identified with autism in 2014, compared with just 1 in 150 in 2000. This increase is due in part to improved diagnosis and awareness, as well as changes in diagnostic criteria that identify autism’s more subtle traits and expressions.
The prevalence of autism is highest among boys and men, with 1 in 37 males having autism spectrum disorder, compared to approximately 1 in 100 females. Research suggests that gender differences in terms of behaviour, communication, and socialisation may be partly responsible for this discrepancy. For example, boys with ASD may be more likely to engage in repetitive behaviours, while girls may be more likely to show social withdrawal. As a result, boys may be more likely to display behaviours that are commonly associated with autism, and thus more likely to be identified by healthcare workers and receive a diagnosis. Other contributing factors may include gender biases in diagnosing, such as the historical use of males in developing diagnostic criteria, meaning that ASD research may be more heavily focused on male-specific behaviours and symptoms. Ultimately, more research is needed to better understand why there is a gender gap in autism prevalence and diagnosis, and to ensure that girls on the autism spectrum receive the recognition, support, and resources they need.
It is important to remember that autism is just one of many developmental conditions that can affect children. There are also other conditions that share similar characteristics, such as attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), anxiety, and language delays. If your child has any of these conditions, it is important to get a comprehensive evaluation to determine the best course of action. There is a wealth of information available online, as well as support groups and other resources to help you and your child. No matter what, know that you are not alone. Please reach out to your GP if you are concerned about the possibility of autism in your child, so that they can arrange for an assessment.