The ADOS-2.
The Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule, Second Edition (ADOS-2) is a standardised, structured assessment tool for identifying and diagnosing autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in children and adults. The ADOS-2 is one of the most widely used and accepted assessment tool for diagnosing ASD and has become the gold standard for practitioners in the field.
The ADOS-2 was developed in 2000 by Dr. Catherine Lord and her colleagues at the University of Michigan. Based on the previous version (the ADOS-1), the ADOS-2 has been revised and updated to reflect the latest research and best practices in autism diagnosis. The ADOS-2 is composed of five modules, each one covering different areas of social interaction and communication. Depending on the age and level of functioning of the individual being assessed, one or more of the modules can be used. The core modules are designed to assess the primary diagnostic criteria for ASD, such as social interaction, communication, and restricted, repetitive behaviours. Each module consists of a series of structured activities and tasks that are designed to elicit particular behaviours from the individual being assessed.
The ADOS-2 is designed to be administered by a qualified professional, such as a psychologist or psychiatrist. The assessment process typically takes one hour or less, depending on the age and level of functioning of the individual being assessed. During the assessment process, the examiner will observe the individual’s behaviour and interactions, as well as their responses to the structured tasks. The examiner will also ask questions to gain a better understanding of the individual’s history, current functioning, and any issues they may have.
The ADOS-2 has been found to be a reliable and valid assessment tool for diagnosing ASD. It has been shown to have good inter-rater reliability, meaning that different examiners are likely to come to the same conclusion when using the ADOS-2. It has also been shown to be sensitive to changes in a person’s behaviour over time as well. Despite its accuracy, the ADOS-2 is not intended to be used as a stand-alone diagnostic tool. It is best used in combination with other assessment tools, such as cognitive and language assessments, and a comprehensive evaluation of the individual’s medical and family history. In addition, the ADOS-2 should be used in conjunction with a comprehensive clinical interview.
Overall, the ADOS-2 is a reliable, valid, and comprehensive assessment tool to aid in the process of diagnosing ASD. It is an important tool for helping clinicians accurately diagnose and appropriately treat individuals with ASD.